Tajweed Master Page – Based on Hidāyat al-Mustafīd fī Aḥkām at-Tajwīd
The following colors are used inside Qur’ān examples to show Tajweed rules:
Al-Basmalah: Saying: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم at the beginning of recitation or actions.
Al-Isti‘ādhah: Saying: أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم before reciting the Qur’ān.
Allah says:
﴿ فَإِذَا قَرَأۡتَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ فَٱسۡتَعِذۡ بِٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ ٱلرَّجِيمِ ﴾
The word بِٱللَّهِ contains a hidden ن sound in the tanwīn before ب (Ikhfā’ in other contexts).
At the beginning of a sūrah (other than At-Tawbah), there are four ways:
1. Joining all three: Isti‘ādhah + Basmalah + first āyah.
2. Separating all three.
3. Joining Isti‘ādhah with Basmalah, then pausing, then starting the āyah.
4. Saying Isti‘ādhah, pausing, then joining Basmalah with the first āyah.
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
The لام in ٱللَّهِ is heavy (tafkhīm) because it is preceded by kasrah only in pronunciation rules when not connected to certain words; here it is generally heavy in recitation.
Nūn sākinah (نْ) and tanwīn (ــًــٍــٌ) have four main rulings: Iẓhār, Idghām, Iqlāb, and Ikhfā’.
Hidden nasalization when نْ or tanwīn is followed by one of 15 letters (ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك).
﴿ إِنَّ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّٰتٍ وَنَهَرٍ ﴾
Tanwīn on جَنَّٰتٍ before the letter و – here the ن sound is partially hidden with ghunnah (Ikhfā’).
Occurs when نْ or tanwīn is followed by: ي ن م و.
﴿ مِّن نِّعۡمَةٍ فَمِنَ ٱللَّهِ ﴾
نْ + ن = Idghām with ghunnah, shown in نِّعۡمَةٍ.
Occurs when نْ or tanwīn is followed by: ل or ر.
﴿ مِّن رَّبِّهِمۡ ﴾
نْ + ر = Idghām without ghunnah, merging into ر with no nasalization.
Changing نْ or tanwīn into م with ghunnah when followed by ب.
﴿ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ ﴾
Tanwīn before ب – the ن sound is changed to م with ghunnah (Iqlāb).
Clear pronunciation of نْ or tanwīn when followed by throat letters: ء ه ع ح غ خ.
﴿ مِّنۡ عِلۡمٍ ﴾
نْ before ع – clear ن sound (Iẓhār ḥalqī).
Mīm sākinah (مْ) has three rulings: Ikhfā’ Shafawī, Idghām Shafawī, and Iẓhār Shafawī.
When مْ is followed by ب, the م sound is hidden with ghunnah.
﴿ تَرۡجِعُ مۡ بِكُمۡ ﴾
When مْ is followed by م, the two mīm merge with ghunnah.
﴿ لَكُم مَّا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ ﴾
When مْ is followed by any letter other than م or ب, it is pronounced clearly.
﴿ وَهُوَ مَعَكُمۡ أَيۡنَ مَا كُنتُمۡ ﴾
Heavy (tafkhīm) when preceded by fatḥah or ḍammah, light (tarqīq) when preceded by kasrah.
﴿ قُلۡ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ﴾
Here the لام is heavy because it is preceded by ḍammah on هُوَ.
Rā’ is heavy when it has fatḥah or ḍammah, or is sākin preceded by fatḥah or ḍammah.
It is light when it has kasrah, or is sākin preceded by kasrah (with some detailed exceptions).
﴿ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِٱلۡمِرۡصَادِ ﴾
ر in رَبَّكَ is heavy (tafkhīm) due to fatḥah.
Written as a small صاد-like sign above or below Alif. Pronounced only when starting, dropped when connecting.
﴿ ٱهۡدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلۡمُسۡتَقِيمَ ﴾
Always pronounced whether at the beginning or in the middle of speech.
﴿ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ﴾
Madd is lengthening the sound of a vowel letter (ا و ي) when preceded by a matching vowel (fatḥah, ḍammah, kasrah).
Length: 2 counts. No hamzah or sukūn after the madd letter.
﴿ مَٰلِكِ يَوۡمِ ٱلدِّينِ ﴾
Munfaṣil: Madd letter at the end of a word, hamzah at the beginning of the next word.
﴿ إِنَّآ أَنزَلۡنَٰهُ فِي لَيۡلَةِ ٱلۡقَدۡرِ ﴾
Muttaṣil: Madd letter and hamzah in the same word.
﴿ وَجَآءَ رَبُّكَ وَٱلۡمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا ﴾
When a madd letter is followed by a permanent sukūn (in word or letter), length is 6 counts.
﴿ ٱلصَّآخَّةُ ﴾